The diversity of Odonata adults's at Pampa Biome from Brazil / Diversidad de adultos de Odonata en el Bioma Pampa brasileño

Abstract The growth of humankind has brought with it several environmental problems that have worsened over time, including the loss of insect biodiversity. The Odonata order have been indicated by several authors as relevant bioindicators for assessing and monitoring environmental conditions of specific locations. The main objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of the Odonata diversity in the Pampa Biome, of the Southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The species survey was conducted between November 2014 and October 2015. Adult insects were collected in Capão do Leão, Pelotas and Rio Grande cities. Each location was visited nine times, totalizing 54 samplings. Entomological nets were used for capturing adult insects, which were then kept in entomological envelopes. The identification of the specimens was carried out with taxonomic keys of Lencioni and Heckman. In addition, Chao-1, the Shannon-Wiener and Jackknife indexes were associated with the sampling areas. During the species survey a total of 2 680 Odonata specimens were collected, representing 45 species encompassed in 22 genera and six families. The Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae families were registered in 60 and 30 % of the specimens sampled, followed of the Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae, Gomphidae and Lestidae, of reduced occurrence. The genera Erythrodiplax, Micrathyria and Ischnura were found at least once in all the visited sites. The study resulted in the registration for the first time of the following species: Progomphus complicatus Selys, Lestes minutus Selys, Homeoura ambigua Ris, and Tauriphila xiphea Ris. These species were not previously reported in any Odonata study of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. In regard to Odonata diversity in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae are the families more abundants. Erythrodiplax and Micrathyria are the most common genera. Miathyria marcella represented 9.6 % of all collected libellulidae and was the most abundant specie. Capão do Leão has the largest species diversity (wealth), the largest number of collected specimens and more diversity than Pelotas and Rio Grande. However, the results showed that the Odonatofauna in the State are still little known, and new studies are needed to better describe this group in other regions.(AU)

Resumen El crecimiento de la humanidad ha traído consigo varios problemas ambientales que han empeorado con el tiempo, incluida la pérdida de biodiversidad de insectos. Varios autores han mencionado especies del orden Odonata como bioindicadores relevantes para evaluar y controlar las condiciones ambientales de lugares específicos. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue realizar un inventario de la diversidad de Odonata en el Bioma Pampa, en la región sur del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El censo de especies se realizó entre noviembre 2014 y octubre 2015. Se recolectaron insectos adultos en las ciudades de Capão do Leão, Pelotas y Rio Grande. Cada área fue visitada nueve veces, totalizando 54 muestreos. Se usaron redes entomológicas para capturar insectos adultos, que luego se mantuvieron en sobres entomológicos. La identificación de los ejemplares se realizó con claves taxonómicas de Lencioni y Heckman. Además, Chao-1, los índices de Shannon-Wiener y Jackknife se asociaron con las áreas de muestreo. Durante el censo de especies se recolectó un total de 2 680 especímenes de Odonata, que representan 45 especies comprendidas en 22 géneros y seis familias. Las familias Libellulidae y Coenagrionidae se registraron en 60 y 30 % de los especímenes muestreados, seguidos de los Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae, Gomphidae y Lestidae, de presencia reducida. Los géneros Erythrodiplax, Micrathyria e Ischnura se encontraron al menos una vez en todos los sitios visitados. El estudio resultó en el registro por primera vez de las siguientes especies: Progomphus complicatus Selys, Lestes minutus Selys, Homeoura ambigua Ris y Tauriphila xiphea Ris. Estas especies no se informaron previamente en ningún estudio de Odonata en el estado brasileño de Rio Grande do Sul. Con respecto a la diversidad de Odonata en la región sur de Rio Grande do Sul, Libellulidae y Coenagrionidae son las familias más abundantes. Erythrodiplax y Micrathyria son los géneros más comunes. Miathyria marcella representó el 9.6 % de todos los libellulidae recolectados y fue la especie más abundante. La ciudad de Capão do Leão tiene la mayor diversidad de especies (riqueza), la mayor cantidad de especímenes recolectados y la mayor diversidad que Pelotas y Río Grande. Sin embargo, los resultados mostraron que la Odonatofauna en el estado aún es poco conocida, y se necesitan nuevos estudios para describir mejor este grupo en otras regiones.(AU)

Richness and structure of ant assemblies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Ant diversity is influenced by the structural complexity of the environment. Ants are thus an ecologically important group due to their potential to serve as indicators of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate ant diversity in areas with different land use histories and thus, within different stages of regeneration in the Permanent Preservation Area of the Foz do Chapecó Hydroelectric Plant reservoir. Ant assemblies among sample sites were compared using rarefaction analysis, and estimated richness, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance were calculated. Associations between species and sample sites were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We identified 55 species in total from 24 genera, distributed among seven subfamilies. Eight species had positive associations with sample sites. Estimates indicated that ant richness may be up to 21.4% greater than that observed. This study presents an inventory of species capable of colonizing environments undergoing natural regeneration processes, and aids our understanding of ecological recovery dynamics in protected areas near hydroelectric plant reservoirs southern Brazil.

Análise faunística de espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) na região Oeste de Santa Catarina / Faunistic analyses of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the West Region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

In order to characterize the ecosystems of fruit trees of the West Region of Santa Catarina State in relation to the Tephritidae species from twelve different fruit species grown in orchards located in four counties (Chapecó, Cunha Porã, São Carlos and Xanxerê), McPhail traps, baited with glucose10%, were used to sample flies, from October 1998 to September 2000. To characterize the faunistic fruit flies populations of each county, the abundance index, constancy, dominance and frequency of fruit flies population were analyzed. A total of 8,393 specimens of fruit flies were collected, belonging to 20 species in seven genera. In Chapecó, 17 fruit flies were sampled, corresponding to an index of diversity of 2.0, followed by Cunha Porã with ten species and an index of 1.5. In Xanxerê the index was 1.1 to eight species. The smallest index was found in São Carlos (0.9), to seven species. Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) was found accidental in almost all the orchards, with exception to one orange orchard in São Carlos, where it was accessory. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was the predominant species in the four counties.

Visando caracterizar os ecossistemas de árvores frutíferas da Região Oeste de Santa Catarina em relação às espécies de Tephritidae, realizou-se uma análise faunística em doze pomares de quatromunicípios (Chapecó, Cunha Porã, São Carlos e Xanxerê). O levantamento foi feito entre outubro de 1998 e setembro de 2000, utilizando armadilhas tipo McPhail com glicose invertida a 10%. Para a caracterização dos municípios foram medidos os índices de abundância, constância, dominância efreqüência. Foram coletados 8.393 espécimes de moscas-das-frutas, pertencentes a 20 espécies e sete gêneros. No município de Chapecó foram amostradas 17 espécies de moscas-das-frutas, correspondendo ao índice de diversidade de 2,0, seguido por Cunha Porã, com dez espécies e índice de 1,5. Em Xanxerê o índice foi de 1,1 para oito espécies. O menor índice foi obtido em São Carlos (0,9), para sete espécies.Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) foi acidental na quase totalidade dos pomares onde ocorreu, com exceção apenas de um pomar de laranjeira de São Carlos, onde foi acessória. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) foi a espécie predominante nos quatro municípios.